| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2014 | Volume
: 2
| Issue : 1 | Page : 25-31 |
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Active case finding of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis in household contacts of tuberculosis patients in Karachi, Pakistan
Tahir Rizwan Khan1, Zeeshan Ahmed1, Mubashir Zafar1, Nighat Nisar1, Shahina Qayyum2, Khalid Shafi3
1 Department of Community Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
2 Department of Community Medicine, Ojha Research and Monitoring Cell, Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
3 Department of Community Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Correspondence Address:
Mubashir Zafar
Department of Community Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health and Sciences Gulzar-e-Hijri, KDA Scheme-33, Suparco Road, Mahkma-e-Mosmiat, Karachi
Pakistan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/2320-8775.126507
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Background: Pakistan holds rank 8 th among the world countries in which high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) is present. There is evidenced that up to 30% of close contacts of TB patients become infected and at least half of them progress to active disease. The aim of this study was to screen active contacts of sputum positive pulmonary TB (SS +ve PTB) among household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients in Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, which was conducted at chest clinics of Karachi. Total 750 HHCs were screened out of which 135 diagnosed smear positive TB patients was registered as index cases (ICs) from July 2012 till March 2013. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of different associated factors. Results: Prevalence among males (6.1%) compared with female (5.6%). The crude OR for age less than 15 years was 0.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.55). Eighty-eight HHCs (11.73%) were found to have SS +ve TB. Disease frequency was significantly higher in HHCs who were smokers (adjusted OR 36.41; 95% CI 12.07, 109.79), had age less than 12 years (adjusted OR 3.63; 95% CI 1.68, 7.86), and who lived in houses less than 80 square yards (adjusted OR 3.77; 95% CI 1.27, 6.05). Conclusion: The IC with positive sputum smear constitutes great risk for TB infection and disease in HHC. There is needed for contact tracing strategy in the high-risk population. |
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